In crystalline limestones and evaporites, and most igneous and metamor phic rocks, a large proportion of the pore space belongs to planar cracks termed fissures figure 2. Chapter 6 engineering properties of soil and rock nysdot geotechnical page 68 june 17, 20 design manual 6. The parent materials are nonconsolidated materials, sedimentary rock, and crystalline rock. Rock properties and mechanical behaviors springerlink. Hydrocarbons in crystalline rocks geoscienceworld books. Properties of reservoir rocks porosity permeability fluid saturation mahboob ahmed slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Samples were recovered from two depths within the boreholes at karkaralinsk kkl and karasu ksu seismic station sites, and surface samples from the vicinity of each of the three nrdcsas sites. The relation of specific gravity to chemical composition. This lab primarily discusses the processes involved in the formation of the three primary groups of rocks, and the rock cycle, a model describing how rocks can be formed, transformed, destroyed and reformed by natural processes. Petrophysicists are employed to help reservoir engineers and geoscientists understand the rock properties of the reservoir. The principal goal of reservoir characterization is to construct threedimensional images of petrophysical properties. Crystalline rock, any rock composed entirely of crystallized minerals. Permeability of crystalline and argillaceous rocks.
Carboniferous rocks at catcraig, near dunbar, scotland. Summary of hydrologic and dhysical properties of ock and soil. Composition and physical properties of granitic rocks from. A corollary of this is that during engineering practice, the penalties for geologic mistakes can be severe. Properties of rocks for engineering and construction purposes in the nature there are so many types of rocks are available which are used in construction and engineering purposes. A major application of petrophysics is in studying reservoirs for the hydrocarbon industry. A pdf version of this document can be downloaded from.
Durability of crystalline monumental stones in terms of. The argil laceous rocks such as shales, siltstones and shaley sand stones are generally less permeable than the crystalline rocks by one or two orders of magnitude. Electrical properties of dense rocks, rocks without water 401 9. Electrical properties of porous and fractured rocks containing water 405 9. Relationships between geology and engineering characteristics of. By studying the lithology of local geological outcrops and core samples, geoscientists can use a combination of log. The rock sample is oven dried at 105c for 12 hours and weighed w 1 then the rock sample is immediately coated with paraffin wax or some other material whose density y p is known. Practical handbook of physical properties of rocks and. For this purpose a companion web site contains a selection of model based equations. Coarse crystalline rocks such as granite and gabbro are usually poor water.
Pennsylvania geological survey staff compiled 19 different groups of rock types. A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents are arranged in a highly. It provides readers with all relevant rock properties and their interrelationships in one concise volume. Rocks with only electrolytic conductivity the archie equations 406 9. The mineral plagioclase note striations due to crystal structure. Remember that glass can be almost any color, including black, so dont be fooled by the color. Thermophysical rock properties of the crystalline gonghe. The international workshop petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks was held in london, at the geological society, on the 10th and 11th of september, 2001. Physical properties of rocks, volume 65 2nd edition. Many factors influence the ability of a magma to crystallize, but the length of time during which cooling occurs is the. The quantification and understanding of individual rock masses requires extensive modelling and an analysis of various physical and chemical parameters. Petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks edited by p. Rock physical properties include density, porosity, and permeability, etc.
Boreholes are commonly drilled into crystalline rocks to evaluate their suitability for various applications such as waste disposal including nuclea. Physical properties of rocks, volume 8 1st edition. Ppt engineering properties of rocks powerpoint presentation. A workbook is a symbiosis of a brief description of physical fundamentals of rock properties based on typical experimental results and relevant theories and models with a guide for practical use of different theoretical concepts.
Request pdf thermophysical rock properties of the crystalline gonghe basin complex northeastern qinghaitibetplateau, china basement rocks the basement of the gonghe basin complex gbc. Petrography of sedimentary rocks in the slick rock district. An introduction to groundwater in crystalline bedrock wmo library. The selected documents discuss the longterm properties of rock mass or other timedependency issues, although some of them discuss these issues only briefly. Petrov igem, russian academy of sciences, russia 2005 published by the geological society london. The mechanical properties of solids depend on their response to the mechanical load applied. Because of the differential effect of patchy, poikilotopic anhydrite on porosity and permeability, these rocks generally plot in the class 1. Crystalline rocks include igneous, metamorphic and even some sedimentary rocks.
Coring and core analysis is a direct measurement of petrophysical properties. This, as well as other properties, reflect the underlying symmetry of the crystalline lattice, and nye takes us through why certain components of the tensor are zero. In the petroleum industry rock samples are retrieved from subsurface and measured by core labs of oil company or some commercial core measurement service companies. At this point in your course, you should appreciate that rock properties tend to vary widely, often over short distances. Buy petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks 9781862391734. Commercial oil deposits in basement rocks are not geological accidents but are oil accumulations which obey all the rules of oil sourcing, migration and entrapment. This test is used for many sedimentary rocks and highly weathered igneous and metamorphic rocks. Carmichael head, geophysics program department of geology university of iowa iowa city, iowa crc press boca raton ann arbor bost 11111111111111111 1111111111111 7178. This second set of lecture notes focuses on physical properties such as weathering potential, slaking potential, swelling potential, hardness, abrasiveness, and other properties such as porosity, density, water content, etc. A relatively small porosity due to fissures affects the properties of the rock to the same degree as a much larger percentage of. Is the study of physical and chemical rock properties and their interactions with fluids. The relation of specific gravity to chemical composition for crystalline rocks author. Petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks geological. In order to be able to preserve our built cultural heritage, the thorough knowledge of its constituent materials and the understanding of the processes that affect them are indispensable.
Three basic characteristics are used in describing these properties of materials. But when it comes to usage all of them having different properties and parameters. Update of the permeability of crystalline rocks, 2001. Relationships between the petrophysical properties density. Crystalline rock article about crystalline rock by the free. Relationship between various properties in sedimentary and crystalline rocks e. To characterize a given rock quantitatively, a single parameter, the cation fraction expressed by the kvalue has been found to be suited best. The module distinguishes the two main categories of solids. Find materials for this course in the pages linked along the left. Investigating physical and chemical properties of rocks annotated photo of granite results table item by jack trentepohl outside the clubhouse a seat will be made and will be.
Also, a dark piece of glass may appear to be opaque if it is thick enough. Part 1 rock physics as an integrated and integrating component of geosciences. Crystalline rock, any rock composed entirely of crystallized minerals without glassy matter. Practical handbook of physical properties of rocks and minerals edited by robert s. Investigating physical and chemical properties of rocks by.
Shawe abstract petrographic studies, largely thinsection examinations, of rocks from the chinle and morrison formations and adjacent strata in the slick rock district, supplement the stratigraphic. A bond cutoff of 3 2 has been chosen for the determination of the coordination number. Lecture notes mechanical properties of rocks earth. The petrophysical properties density p, compressional wave velocity v p, and heat generation a exhibit considerable variation with rock type. Solids are formed when the forces holding atoms or molecules together are stronger than the energy moving them apart. Petrophysical properties form a set of essential engineering parameters and still remain the basic tools to obtain reliable information by which reservoir rocks may be described.
These properties and their relationships are used to recognize and assess hydrocarbon reservoirs, source rocks, cap rocks, and aquifers. Practical handbook of physical properties of rocks and minerals. C thermal properties thermal expansion, conductivity, and c in situ stresses. Pdf seismic properties of crystalline rocks and geological. Petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks nlleocl27355476x. These shape characteristics are not necessary for a crystala crystal is scientifically defined by its microscopic. Bibliography includes bibliographical references p. Rocks and minerals worksheets to supplement your unit study. Time dependency in the mechanical properties of crystalline rocks.
Petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks nhbs academic. This module shows how the structure and composition of various solids determine their properties, including conductivity, solubility, density, and melting point. Editorial relationship between various properties in. How does the formation process of granite help its physical and chemical properties. The durability of stone building materials is an issue of utmost importance in the field of monument conservation. The list of counties below link to pdf files of corresponding county rocktype maps. Figures 21, 42 and 43 reprinted with permission of the owner, the american chemical society. Carbonate rock typing provides a vehicle to propagate petrophysical properties through association with geological attributes and, therefore, is critical for distributing reservoir properties. International workshop petrophysical properties of. Petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks nhbs. Figures 22, 23, 31, 32, 61 and 63 reprinted with permission of the owner, elsevier. Rock and mineral identification for engineers fhwa us.
These parameters can be obtained by lab experiments of core samples or by insitu tests. All rockforming material comes from the earths mantle, space, organisms or the decay of other rocks. Intrusive igneous rocksthose that congeal at depthare virtually always crystalline, whereas extrusive igneous rocks, or volcanic rocks, may be partly to entirely glassy. Impact of physical and mechanical properties of rocks on energy consumption of jaw crusher 465 due to the fact that the average time for crushing one sample was about 3 s, the measurement system was designed fig. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the durability of a. Hydrologic and physical properties of rock and soil materials. Examples of polycrystals include most metals, rocks, ceramics, and ice. Mineral properties revised on 8272012 page 3 of vitreous lusteris like that of glass, shiny and translucent to transparent. Structural and dielectric properties of crystalline and. This generalizes for higherrank tensors such as elastic stiffnesscompliance, or piezox effects, and all are discussed. Convened by peter harvey and tim brewer borehole research group, university of leicester, uk, philippe pezard cnrs, universite montpellier 2, france. The crystalline metamorphic rocks in the grand canyon have been dated from about 2 billion to 1. The wax layer is cooled and the sample is weighed w 2.
The relation of specific gravity to chemical composition for. Physical properties of rocks, 2nd edition, describes the physical fundamentals of rock properties, based on typical experimental results and relevant theories and models. Crystalline rock article about crystalline rock by the. It is instructive to examine in situ permeability of crystalline rocks as a function of depth. Properties of rocks for engineering and construction purposes. The chapters in this volume cover a diverse range of topics related broadly to the theme of hydrocarbons in crystalline rocks, and challenge explorationists definition of basement rock, which needs to be less narrow and more responsive to new geological ideas. Petrography of sedimentary rocks in the slick rock. This volume covers the following aspects of the petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks. Urai 3 lgeoforschungzentrum potsdam, telegrafenberg, d14473 potsdam, germany. Rock mechanical properties mainly include elastic modulus, poissons ratio, and rock strength.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Jan 02, 20 properties of reservoir rocks porosity permeability fluid saturation mahboob ahmed slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Petrophysical properties of crystalline rocks ebook, 2005. For this purpose a companion web site contains a selection of model based equations in excel worksheets for. Pdf porosity in crystalline rocks a matter of scale. A number of scientific wells recently drilled into basement and metamorphic rocks provide insight in the permeability structure of the crust. Most petrophysicists are employed to compute what are commonly called conventional or reservoir petrophysical properties. Porosity in crystalline rocks a matter of scale article pdf available in engineering geology 841. The average coordination number shows a prevalence of 7 and 6coordinated zr over 8. The distribution of coordination numbers is shown in fig. A description of the rock s physical characteristics, such as grain size, composition and texture. Seismic properties of crystalline rocks and geological and geophysical implications article pdf available in scientia geologica sinica 444.
280 64 426 1224 1241 926 1390 501 20 1531 829 1403 1443 101 451 1115 1362 601 614 741 1212 1585 1071 362 307 568 979 701 560 917 1034 730 140 1048